High-thermal-efficiency furnace



Dec. 23, 1930. `w. T. PALMER HIGH THERMAL EFFICIENCY FURNACE Filed Nov. 21, 1928 @www Patented Dec. 23, 1930 UNITED STATES.

PATENT oFFicE NVALTEIB. T. PALMER, OF DES MOINES, IOWA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO OLOF OLSON, OF DES MOINES, IOWA HIGH-THERMAL-nrrrcrsncy FURNACE .Apfilication l'ed November 21, 1928. Serial No. 320,943.

The principal object of this invention is to providel a furnace of very high thermal eflicency. l

A further object of this invention is to 5 provide a furnace capable of maintaining a very high constant temperature regardless of the thermal demand, thereby assuring not only uniform heat output, but making it possible'to obtain complete combustion and utilization of all fuel units. ,y

A still further object of my invention is to provide a furnace that delivers the heat units produced in the same, approximately as fast as they are produced. Y

A still further object is to obtain all theV truant heat units that would otherwise be lost in the atmosphere surrounding the furnace or through the stack.

A still furt ier object of my invention is to bring the temperature of the fluid returning from the radiation system to approximately that of the' exhaust gases before the circulating Y fluid reaches trie combustion chambers of the furnace.

A still further object of this invention `is to provide a high thermal eliciency furnace that is of small compass7 thereby eliminating the necessity of a large furnace room.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a furnace that washes the exhaust gases before the same are released to the outside atmosphere.

A still further object is to providea furnace which is practically instantaneous' in conformation to the h eat demands ofthe system., Y

These and other objects will be apparent to those slrill'ed in the art.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device,` whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter' more fully set forth, pointed out'in my claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view of my complete invention with portions cut away to more fully illustrate its construction.v

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a portion of the invention and shows the necessary pipes for on the market is their inability to instantly conform to the various heat demands that may be required of them. I have overcome all these disadvantages as will be appreciated by .those skilled in the art.

I have-used the numeral 1() to designate the first or primary combustion chamber having a plurality of air vinlet openings 11 near its bottom. Extending into each of these openings is an ordinary fuel nozzle or jet 12, designed to be' in communication with suitable fuel, such as light-ing gas or oil. The numeral 18 designates a refractory lining adj acent the inner surface of the combustion chamber 10. ICommunicating by suitable httings and located at each side of the combustion chamber 10 are the two secondary combustion chambers 14 and l5 respectively, as shown in Fig. 1. It will be noted that the points of communication in each instance is at the tops of the chambers, and that the heat produced in the bottom of the chamber 10 will pass upwardly and then downwardly in the chambers 14: and 15. From the bottoms of the secondary combustion chambers the exy designed to have its other end communicating with the outside atmosphere. Located in this pipe is an ordinary positive pressure exhaust-er 21, shown in conventional form for causing the combustion gases to pass upward ly in the primary combustion clnnnher7 through the fittings and downwardly in the secondary combustion chambers, and then through the pipes 16 into the lower portion ol'v the scrubber 177 from which the gases pass iunvardly and out ot the pipe 20 to the outside atmosphere.

Completely embrzufingl and spared apart from the prin'iary combustion chamber, the secondary cinnbustion chambers and the pipe ittiiims between the saine is a water 1iacket as shown in F 1. The water jacl-:et around the primary chan'xber is desigi tt-ed by the numeral and the jackets around the secondsny chambers by the numeral 23 and 24C respectively. The numeral 25 designates a water acket spaced apart from. and einbracing e scrubbing` chamber 1T. Coinn'iunicating with the bottom ot the jacket 25 is the return pipe 26, designed to lead from a radiator or like. The numeral 27 designates a prime mover having the drive shaft 2S. Operatively connected to the shatt 28 is an ordinary Vater or fluid pump 29. rlhe numeral SO designates a pipe leading from the top portion of the jacket 25 to the intake ot' the pump 29, and the numeral 31 designates a pipe leading from the exhaust end of the pump 29 to the bottom portion ot' the jaclc'et 22. ln each ol the secondary combustion chambers, is a comparatively helix tube 32, each communicating with the bottom portion ot the jacket that surrounds its chamber and passing out of its chamber and the jacket near the top as shown in Fig. 1. These tubes 32 lead to a radiator or like having its return ond in communication with the pipe 2G. It will be noted that the acket 22 is a considera'ole distance from the bottoni of the primary chamber 10, and it is in this space l have provided a fluid pump 33 operatively7 connect d to the shaft 28. Leading from the exhaust part of this pump is tube 3ft constructed ot' heat resisting alloy. This tube extends` into the primary combustion chainber and spirals upward near the refractory lining, and eventually communicates with the inside ot the pipe r)This pipe 35 extends from this point in both directions inside the littings until it enters the two secondary combustion chambers respectively, where it enters the helix tubes 32 therein.

The pipe 35 is of muco dirmi-eter than the inside diameter ot the tubes m as and therefore a passage way on all sides ot it is provided ;tor the passage orn water through the tubes. From the lower portions oi the tubes 32 the pipe 35 passes and its two ends extend to and communicate 'ith the inlet port of the pump 33. rlhe fluid forced through the tube 34 and then through the pipe by the pump should be of a high boiling point and possess high thermal conductivity, such as metallic mercury, glycerine and the like.

.l he numeral 36 designates a third pump op lffeeoee erat-ively connected to the shalt 28 and has the outlet pipe 37 leading into the upper portion of the scrubber or washing chamber i7. Inside the chamber 17 and comnninicatinr; with the pipe 37 is a spray ring 38. Lezn'ling;- from the reservoir 19 in the bottoni of the chamber 17 and communicating at its other end to the return port ot the pump 3G is the return pipe 39. Vhen the wat-er or the like is in the reservoir 19 and the device is operating, the saine will be sprayed onto the battle members 18.

By the above described arrangement lln heat produced in the primary combustion chamber and not absorbed by the circulatinjf; fluid in the pipe 3s and the water or tlud around the chamber will pass upwardly and through the fittings into the secondary coinbustion chambers. Frein the top portion olf the combustion chambers ltand 15, the hot gases will pass downwardly losing almost all ol their heat units by the saine being absorbed by the water in the pipes 32 an(L around the two chambers. rlhen from the lower portions ot the secondary chambers the gases will pass through the pipes 16 into the lower portion oli the scrubber 17.

As the gas passes upwardly against and through the shower of wat-er from the spray 38 and the baffles 18, they will lose what remaining heat units the gases p ssess by the same being absorbed. by the water in the scrubber and around it. The movement of the gases is of course influenced by the ei;- hauster 21, operated by a. suitable prime mover, and as the gases leave the same they will be of very little temperature above the outside atmosphere, having lost approximately all their heat units in the device thereby realizing extraordinary high thermal etlicien The cool water returning troni the radiator or like enters through the pipe 26 and passes up around the scrubber 17 and reservoir 19 where it is increased in temperature to approximately that of the gases as they pass through the scrubber. From the top of the jacket 25 the warmed water passes through the pipe 30 into the pump 29 which circulates the complete water system. Then 'from the pump 29 the water is forced in the jacket 22 and around the pump 33 and the primary combustion chamber where it alisorbs creat heat. From the upper portion ot the Jacket 22, the hot water passes around the gas littings and into the spaces between the water jackets 23 and 24, and the secondary combustion chambers lll and 15 respectively, where it absorbs additional heat units. Next the intensely heated water passes from the bottoms of the water jackets up into the tubes 32 where it absorbs additional heat units from the fluid passing through the pipe 25, in view of which when it passes out of the pipes 32 into the radiator or like, it will be of indeed hioh temperature. It will be appreciated that by scientific arrangement and jacketing, little if any truant heat is lost.

By the combustion chamber being very small, the circulating iiuid of small quantity, and a very little loss of heat units through the stack, a furnace that is capable of practically instantaneous conformation of heat demands is obtained. motor is regulated relative to thevheat demand a constant temperature is realized'regardless of the changing heat demands. Vhen the heat demand is very great, Yit is recommended that the radiator circulating fluid be ot a high boiling point, such as glycerme.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of my improved high :hermo ei'iiciency furnace without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention and it is my intention to cover by my claims any modified forms of structure or use of equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim: l Y

l. ln al device of the class described, a primary combustion chamber, two secondary combustion chambers, pipes for passing gases from the top of said primary combustion chamber to the tops of said second combustion chambers, a means for producing het gases at the lower :portion of said lirst combustion chamber, a water jacket around each of said combustion chambers and said pipes and communicating with each other, a coiled pipe inside each of said second combustion chambers havin@ one end communicating with the water jacket around that particular chamber and its other end designed to lead to a radiator system or like, a pump, a tube leading from the exhaust port of said pump into a coil inside said primary combustion chamber, a sec-ond tube communicating with the free end of said first tube extending in both directions and entering and passing into said two pipes from which it emerges and makes communication at both ends with the intake port of said pump said pump designed to circulate a iiuid through said tubes, and a second pump having its intake port in communication'with the return pipe from the radiator system or like and its exhaust port in communication with the jacket around the primary combustion chamber.

2. In a device of the class described, a primary combustion chamber, two secondary combustion chambers, pipes `for passing gases from the top of said primary combustion chamber t-o the tops of said second combustion chambers, a means for producing hot gases at the lower portion of said first combustion chamber, a water jacket around each of said combustion chambers and said pipes and communicating with each other, a coiled pipe inside each of said second combustion chambers having one end communicating It the speed of the with' the water jacket around that particular chamber and its other end designed to lead to a radiator system or like, a pump inside the water jacket around .said primary com` bustion chamber, a tube leading from the ei;- haust portof said pump into a coil inside said primary combustion chamber,a second tube communicating with the free end of said first tube 'extending in both directions and entering and passing into said two pipes from which it emerges and makes a communication at both ends with the intake port ot said pump; said pump designed yto circulate a fluid through said tubes, a secon-d pump having its intake port in communication with the return pipe from the radiator system or like and its exhaust port in communication -withpthe jacket around the primary combustion chamber, and a means for rotating said pump.

3. In a device of the class described, a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a. pipe for passing. gases from the top of said primary combustion c-han'iber to the top of said secondary combus tion chamber, a means for producing hot gases at the lower portion off said first conibustion chamber, a water jacket around each of said combustion chambers and said pipe and communicating with each other, a coiled pipe inside said second combustion chamber having Vone of its ends communicating with the water jacket around that particular chamber and its other end designed to lead to a radiator system or like, a pump, a tube Y leading from the exhaust port of said pump and formed intol a coil inside said primary combustion chamber, and a second tube communicating with the free end of said first tube extending and passing into said coiled pipe from which it emerges and makes communication' with the intake port of said pump; said pump designed to circulate a tiuid through said tubes.

4. In a device of the class described, a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a pipe for passing gases from the top of said primary combustion chamber to the top of said secondary combustion chamber,- a means for producing hot gases at the lower portion of said iirst combustion chamber, a water j acket around each of saidcombustion chambers and said pipe and communicating with each other, a coiled pipe inside said secondary combustion chamber having one of its endscommunicating with the water jacket around that particular chamber and its other end designed to lead toa radiator system or like, a pump, a tube leading from the exhaust port of said pump and formed into a coil inside said primary combustion chamber, a second tube communieating with the free end of said irst tube extending and passing into said coiled pipe from which it emerges and makes communication with the intake port of said pump;

said pump designed to circulate a fluid i through said tubes, and a second pump liaringr its intake port 1u communication wlth the return pipe from the radiator system or lil its e and iaust port in communieation e inside or' the water jacket around said pr mar;r eombus Ion chamber.

in a device of the class described., a primarv combustiiui chamber, a secondary conibusiion rhambe'. a pipe for passing' gases from the top said primary combustion cliamber to the top of said secondary combustion chamber, a means for producing hot grasos at the lower portion of said iirst combustion chamber, a Water jaclze around each of said con'ibustion chambers and said pipe and coimnunicating` with each other, a coiled pipe inside said secondary combustion chamone oi its ends communicating ber havin# with the Water jacket around that particular chamba' and its other end designed to lead to a radiator system or like, a tube reading into and coiled inside said combustion chamber, and a second tube having' one end communieating;l with the upper end ot said iirst tube; blending to aud passing int-0 said coiled pipe from which it emerges and mal-zes communication With the bottom end oi said first mentioned tube.

6. in a de #ice of the class described, a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a pipe for passing gases from the top of said primari,Y combustion chamber to the top ot said secondary combastion chamber7 a means for producing hot gases at the lower portion of said ifirst combus ion chamber, a water jaeliet around each of said combustion chambers and said pipe and communcatirgr with each other, a coiied pipe in ke said ser, .idary combustion chamoer lia ving; one ot its. ends communicating with the Water jacket around that particulai` chamhe and its other end designed to lead to a radiator s if'siem or like, a pump insidev the water iaclet around said primary combustion chamber7 a means for rotating said pump, a tubo leading from the egha ist port ot said pump and formed into a coil inside said primary combustion chamber, an d a second tube 'ommunicating with the free end ot said first tube extending and passingjr into said coiled pipe from which it emerges and makes com muuicatiou with the intake port of mid pump; said pump ('lesigned to circulate a 'iuid through said tubes.

VALTER T. PALBLIER. 

